If, on the one hand, and in a more optimistic view, Bates (2007) and Kirkpatrick (2008) believe that digital activism can change traditional power hierarchies and empower citizens through the transmission of alternative content and changing the distribution of a top-bottom power for an authority defined by peer-to-peer relationships, other authors, such as Morozov (2010), believe that digital ecosystems provide new methods of antidemocratic control, surveillance and persecution, giving governments the ability to block citizens' access to certain content and monitor their online actions, which undermines activist movements.
Given the constraints that exist on the network and the potential of digital technologies to alter the distribution of power, there started to emerge more positive, negative or even neutral views regarding the value and effectiveness of digital activism.
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